Bhubaneswar: Epilepsy is a neurological disorder that affects millions of people worldwide, yet myths, misconceptions and social stigma continue to surround the condition. Experts and health advocates emphasise that greater awareness and scientific understanding are essential to ensure that people living with epilepsy receive timely treatment, dignity and social support.

Historical figures such as Socrates, Alexander the Great, Julius Caesar, Napoleon and Vincent van Gogh have been suggested by some historical accounts to have experienced seizures or seizure-like episodes. However, diagnosing neurological conditions in historical figures retrospectively is uncertain and should not be treated as medically confirmed.

What is epilepsy?

Epilepsy is a chronic neurological disorder characterised by a tendency to experience recurrent, unprovoked seizures. Seizures occur when there is a sudden burst of abnormal electrical activity in the brain.

The condition can manifest differently from one person to another. While some seizures involve noticeable convulsions and loss of consciousness, others may cause brief periods of altered awareness, unusual sensations, repetitive movements or temporary confusion.

Epilepsy can affect people of any age, gender or background.

Myths surrounding epilepsy

One of the biggest challenges faced by people with epilepsy is the stigma associated with the disorder. Misconceptions that epilepsy is a curse, a form of possession or a consequence of personal wrongdoing can prevent affected individuals from seeking medical care and can lead to discrimination.

In reality, epilepsy is a medical condition with a range of possible causes. These can include genetic factors, brain injury, infections affecting the brain, stroke and other neurological conditions. In many cases, however, the exact cause may not be identified.

People with epilepsy can lead fulfilling lives

A diagnosis of epilepsy does not define a person's abilities or potential. With appropriate medical care, many people can effectively control their seizures and participate in education, employment, family life and other activities.

Treatment generally depends on the type and cause of epilepsy and may include anti-seizure medicines. Lifestyle measures and regular medical follow-up can also play an important role in managing the condition.

However, access to timely diagnosis, appropriate treatment and specialist healthcare remains a challenge in many parts of the world, particularly in resource-constrained settings.

Why awareness matters

Public awareness can play a crucial role in reducing stigma and encouraging people with epilepsy to seek professional medical help. Understanding that epilepsy is a neurological disorder—not a supernatural phenomenon or a reason for discrimination—can help create a more supportive environment for patients and their families.

People should also learn basic seizure first aid and understand when emergency medical assistance is required.

How society can help

Individuals and communities can contribute to reducing the stigma around epilepsy by:

• Learning about epilepsy and understanding its symptoms and treatment.
• Treating people with epilepsy with dignity and respect.
• Avoiding myths, discrimination and harmful practices.
• Supporting organisations working to improve epilepsy awareness and care.
• Encouraging better access to neurological and mental health services.
• Helping people with epilepsy participate fully in education, employment and community life.

Epilepsy is not a person's identity

Epilepsy may be part of someone's medical history, but it does not define their personality, abilities or aspirations. People living with epilepsy have the same capacity for achievement, creativity and contribution as anyone else.

Breaking the stigma requires a shift from fear and misinformation to science, empathy and acceptance. Greater awareness can help ensure that people affected by epilepsy receive the medical care, understanding and opportunities they deserve.

Anyone experiencing recurrent or unexplained seizures should seek evaluation from a qualified medical professional. Early diagnosis and appropriate treatment can significantly improve seizure control and quality of life.

Disclaimer: This article has been contributed by Dr Mitalee Kar, a Neurologist working with CARE Hospital, Bhubaneswar. For consultation, she can be contacted at 7093391746 (Mobile Number)